The Japan Times - UN nature talks in 'end game' to break funding deadlock

Rich and developing countries broadly agree over the scale of the crisis that threatens the ecosystems and wildlife that humans rely on for food, climate regulation and economic prosperity.

But they are locked in a dispute over how to deliver funding, which caused a previous meeting in Cali, Colombia last year to end in disarray.

The rebooted COP16 talks in Rome are tasked with bridging those differences, against a backdrop of geopolitical tensions and global economic concerns.

In a bid to unlock agreement on what should be the final day of talks, Brazil put forward a new "compromise attempt" text on behalf of the BRICS country bloc that includes Russia, China and India.

This sought to whittle down the document under negotiation and clarify two main goals to be agreed -- closing the multi-billion dollar biodiversity financing gap and deciding on the institutions that will deliver that money.

Brazil negotiator Patrick Luna said the proposal was to ensure that while countries were embarking on a marathon global effort, "we are not running on a treadmill, we are advancing towards these goals".

- 'End game' -

COP16 president Susana Muhamad told negotiators in a plenary Thursday morning that the talks were in their "end game".

She warned that progress on ambitious targets to protect nature by 2030 was on the line, urging nations to show "that collectively we can mobilise this change to safeguard biodiversity, which is life".

Scientists have warned that a million species are threatened with extinction, while unsustainable farming and consumption destroys forests, depletes soils and spreads plastic pollution to even the most remote areas of the planet.

Young protesters greeted negotiators as they arrived at the building of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization on Thursday, playing a soundtrack of rainforest noises and handing out flyers urging: "Don't let silence be our legacy".

In a landmark 2022 agreement, countries agreed to halt the destruction of nature by the end of this decade.

They laid out a programme of 23 objectives to be achieved by 2030, including protecting 30 percent of the world's land and seas. Just 17 percent and eight percent respectively are protected currently, the UN says.

Countries have already agreed to deliver $200 billion a year in finance for nature by 2030, including $30 billion a year from wealthier countries to poorer ones.

The total for 2022 was about $15 billion, according to the OECD.

The main debate is over developing countries' demand for the creation of a specific biodiversity fund.

Wealthy nations -- including the European Union and Canada -- are opposed, arguing that setting up multiple funds fragments development aid, which is already under pressure from budget cuts and the slashing of overseas aid by new US President Donald Trump.

- 'Cautiously positive' -

There were signs that countries were inching closer together, with the European Union's representative saying they were "cautiously positive" about the BRICS proposal, although tough negotiations are expected to stretch well into the evening.

Brazil, which is hosting UN climate talks later this year in the Amazon rainforest, has taken a pivotal role in the biodiversity talks and has one of the largest delegations to the Rome meeting.

It has warned that the painful progress on finance could reverberate across other treaty negotiations this year.

The United States, which is withdrawing from climate and health action globally, would normally have sent a team despite not being a signatory of the UN biodiversity convention.

But no officials turned up for the meeting, according to a list of participants from the UN.

The failure to finalise agreement in Cali was the first in a string of disappointing outcomes for the planet at UN summits last year and comes as trade disputes and conflicts rattle global cooperation.

A climate finance deal at COP29 in Azerbaijan in November was slammed as disappointing, while separate negotiations about desertification and plastic pollution stalled in December.

T.Ikeda--JT