The Japan Times - Phil Lesh, co-founder of the Grateful Dead, dies at 84

Over three decades, the classically trained Lesh and Grateful Dead icon Jerry Garcia shared a close musical partnership that resulted in the eclectic California rock band's psychedelic sound and famed onstage improv.

Lesh "passed peacefully" and was "surrounded by his family and full of love," the statement said.

"Phil brought immense joy to everyone around him and leaves behind a legacy of music and love."

Lesh was an early pioneer in the 1960s burgeoning electric bass sound, adopting a more melodic, improvisational approach to the instrument that was traditionally more of a timekeeper, with his chords dominating rather than in the background.

He was far from the band's most prolific writer but he co-wrote some of the Dead's most notable, jam-worthy tracks -- "Dark Star" and "St. Stephen" among them -- and also sang harmonies for the band, and less often led vocals.

Born March 15, 1940 in Berkeley, California, Lesh's life as a musician began with the violin. He later took up the trumpet, and composed for orchestras as his studies gave him a keen interest in avant-garde classical and free jazz.

As a volunteer recording engineer at a local public radio station while studying under the Italian modernist Luciano Berio, Lesh met bluegrass banjo player Garcia.

He joined Garcia's new band -- The Warlocks -- in the fall of 1964, and took up the bass.

He would later say he was more inspired by Bach's style of counterpoint -- a classical music theory focused on the relationship of harmonically interdependent musical parts -- than by his contemporaries.

- Counterculture -

As the Grateful Dead, the band members became key figures in the counterculture starting in the 1960s and revolutionized fan engagement, with "Deadheads" traveling from show to show.

Many followers recorded and swapped bootleg tapes of the concerts and enjoyed a communal drug-addled camp environment.

The rockers disbanded in 1995, a few months after Garcia's death.

"Jerry was the hub," Lesh later told Rolling Stone. "We were the spokes. And the music was the tread on the wheel."

Lesh continued to perform in the tradition of the Dead in various iterations for decades. He retired from regular touring in 2014.

In 1998 Lesh underwent a liver transplant after a hepatitis C infection -- after which he used his concerts as a platform to encourage fans to become organ donors.

In 2015 he said he had cancerous bladder tumors that followed a 2006 prostate cancer battle.

S.Yamada--JT