The Japan Times - El Salvador holds mass trial of nearly 500 alleged gang members

The Attorney General's office and courts announced the start of the trial, part of iron-fisted President Nayib Bukele's anti-gang crackdown.

El Salvador is conducting mass trials of thousands of suspected gang members, many of which have spent years in prison without charge or visiting rights.

The Attorney General's office said 486 suspected MS-13 members were on trial for 47,000 crimes committed between 2012 and 2022, including 29,000 homicides.

The country's court system said that the trial included "members of the national leadership, street-level leaders, program coordinators from across the country, and founders of" MS-13.

Salvadoran authorities accuse the brutal group of a range of crimes, including the killing of 87 people in a single weekend in March 2022.

In the wake of those killings, President Nayib Bukele, a close ally of US President Donald Trump, declared a "war" on gangs, which he said controlled 80 percent of Salvadoran territory.

MS-13 is charged with the crime of rebellion "because they sought to...establish a parallel state," the Attorney General's office said.

Bukele in 2022 imposed a state of emergency, which has been used to arrest over 91,000 suspected gang members, including thousands of people who were later declared innocent.

The campaign, which made Bukele hugely popular, has resulted in a dramatic decrease in crime, turning El Salvador from one of Latin America's most dangerous countries to one of its safest.

However rights groups have denounced gross human rights abuses, including a complete lack of due process for the detainees, reports of torture and more than 500 deaths in prison.

- One conviction for all -

The fates of the detainees are now being decided in mass trials, with anonymous judges handing down one-size-fit-all punishments to large groups of defendants following the proceedings via video-link from prison.

MS-13 and the rival Barrio 18 gang operate drug trafficking rings and extortion rackets across Central America.

The Trump administration has declared the two groups -- among others -- as terrorist organizations, designations it has used in part to justify deadly military strikes on alleged drug-running boats.

The two gangs were born among Salvadoran youth on the streets of Los Angeles and then spread back to El Salvador, where they terrorized the population for more than three decades.

Bukele has accused them of murdering 200,000 people over three decades, of whom around 80,000 disappeared without trace.

State prosecutors said they had "ample evidence to request the maximum sentences" against the defendants, without specifying whether that mean life imprisonment.

At the opening of the trial, the judge stated that armed groups had disturbed "the peace of the Salvadoran population and the security of the state" for decades, and would be tried "with the full force of the law."

New York-based Human Rights Watch (HRW) and regional NGO Cristosal have criticized the mass trials, warning of the risk of innocent people being made to pay for the crimes of the guilty.

H.Hayashi--JT