The Japan Times - Indonesia to capture last-known wild Bornean rhino for IVF

Just two Bornean rhinos are known to exist in the world, both female: Pahu in Indonesia's Kelian rhino sanctuary, and Pari, living wild in Kutai Kartanegara regency.

Bornean rhinos are a subspecies of Sumatran rhinos, and officials believe they are close enough to interbreed and preserve some genetic heritage from the Bornean line.

Conservationists previously tried to extract eggs from Pahu for the process.

But she is around 40 and has various health problems, so the process has been unsuccessful so far, explained Ari Wibawanto, head of the provincial conservation agency in East Kalimantan, where both Kelian and Kutai Kartanegara are located.

The last hope lies with Pari, who appears younger than Pahu in images captured by monitoring cameras.

Conservationists have spent months preparing the capture, installing pit traps and even carrying out test runs.

"We carried out several simulations using cattle that are roughly the same size as Pari," he told AFP.

Rhino translocations are a risky process and have ended in disaster in Indonesia in the past.

Last year, a Javan rhino died shortly after a world-first translocation for the species, apparently due to preexisting conditions.

And in 2016, a female Sumatran rhino died after relocation because of an injury previously sustained from a poaching trap.

Ari said a dedicated team had been working on making the capture and relocation as smooth as possible.

"We strengthened our procedures to make sure they don't cause technical problems, health issues, or behavioural issues, so the animal doesn't get stressed," he said.

Once secured, Pari will be airlifted to a facility for monitoring before egg extraction.

"Sumatran rhinos are larger than Bornean rhinos. So, if we try to mate them manually or through normal natural mating, it is likely that it will not work properly," Ari said.

"We take egg cells from the Bornean rhino. We collect them and then fertilise them with sperm from the Sumatran rhino outside the womb."

If the fertilisation is successful, a surrogate would likely be used for a safer pregnancy, Ari said.

The conservation body is also considering a cloning programme by collecting samples of skin and gums, he added.

Fewer than 50 individuals each from the Javan and Sumatran rhino species are believed to exist in the wild, all of them in Indonesia, according to the International Rhino Foundation.

In 2024, scientists in Germany successfully conducted IVF of a southern white rhino, sparking hope that a similar method could be applied to another species of rhinos.

M.Ito--JT