The Japan Times - Sao Paulo's pumas under attack as 'stone jungle' threatens rainforest

The Mata Ciliar refuge stretches over the equivalent of 40 football fields just 90 kilometers (56 miles) from the state capital Sao Paulo -- Latin America's biggest metropolis.

Twenty-five pumas and 10 jaguars are receiving treatment at the center -- including Barreiro, a five-year-old puma named after the semi-rural neighborhood where he was found caught in a trap made with a steel cable.

Barreiro is being treated for a deep cut to the hip.

"Due to the advancement of urbanization into its natural habitat, when the puma moves, it gets lost between roads, gated communities and other human interventions," Mata Ciliar president Jorge Bellix told AFP.

As its habitat shrinks in step with human expansion, the puma is forced to move closer to settlements to find food -- which may include pets and livestock, as its natural diet of deer and smaller wild animals gets diminished.

The big cats risk being run over by cars, electrocuted by security fences or trapped in snares set by either hunters trying to catch wild boar or residents warding off predators.

Some are poached for their skins or as trophies.

"If this continues, we will unfortunately witness the extinction of several (animal) species within a few years," said Bellix, whose refuge has treated some 32,000 creatures since it was founded nearly 30 years ago.

- 'Stone jungle' -

Mata Ciliar also houses monkeys and maned wolves, and is located within the vast Mata Atlantica forest in a country with some of the highest wild cat diversity in the world.

But just a few kilometers away looms the grey expanse of Sao Paulo, a metropolis of 21 million people nicknamed the "stone jungle."

"The situation is critical: the animals of Sao Paulo are losing the war against urbanization," said veterinarian Cristina Harumi, who helped save Barreiro and hopes he can be returned to the wild soon.

The puma, sitting as it does at the top of the food chain, is considered a bioindicator: its disappearance would be an alarming sign of the extent of environmental degradation, she added.

The puma, also known as mountain lions, is listed as "near threatened" in Brazil by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which maintains the "Red List of Threatened Species," while mountain lion sub-species outside the Amazon basin are considered "vulnerable."

Y.Watanabe--JT