The Japan Times - High-tech jets take on balloon, other objects in N.America skies

The balloon -- allegedly sent by China to surveil secret US sites -- is an unlikely first aerial "kill" for a warplane designed to dominate combat against enemy planes, and it was not the last.

F-22s were again in action in the following days, shooting down an unidentified object near Alaska and another over Canada, while a fourth object was downed by an F-16 jet over Lake Huron.

The flurry of objects recently marked for destruction in American and Canadian airspace have provided rare opportunities to engage targets for both the F-22 -- one of the most expensive aircraft in the US arsenal -- and the military commands responsible for North American security.

"I believe this is the first time within United States or America airspace that NORAD or United States Northern Command has taken kinetic action against an airborne object," General Glen VanHerck, who leads both commands, told journalists.

NORAD -- a joint US-Canada air defense command -- dates to the height of the Cold War and is perhaps best known to the public for its yearly program tracking the progress of Santa Claus as he distributes presents around the world.

NORTHCOM, which is responsible for the defense of the United States, is much newer and was established after the September 11, 2001, attacks.

While the balloon and other objects have dominated headlines this month, a more common function for North America-based fighter aircraft is intercepting Russian planes that get near American air space.

- Designed for aerial combat -

The F-22 is the supercar of American jets, featuring stealth technology to shield it from enemy radar, the ability to fly above the speed of sound without the use of afterburners and "thrust vectoring" nozzles on its engines to make it highly maneuverable.

All these features were designed to make the jet all but unbeatable in air-to-air combat with enemy warplanes, making a slow-moving object like a balloon easy prey.

The jets stemmed from a 1980s-era program but did not enter initial production until 2001 and were only made in small numbers -- fewer than 200 -- at a cost of $143 million apiece, according to the US Air Force.

It has been an aircraft in search of a war -- large-scale air-to-air combat against enemy planes is a situation that has yet to emerge since the US plane gained initial operating capability in 2005.

The F-22 first saw combat in 2014 during the war against the Islamic State group in the Middle f, carrying out strikes against the jihadists.

In the recent drama, the warplanes that shot down the balloon and the three unidentified objects all employed another piece of advanced technology: the AIM-9X, a new variant of the Sidewinder missile, which features an infrared guidance system.

VanHerck said using a missile that requires a radar track would have had a "lower probability of success" due to the difficulty of tracking smaller objects, while using a cannon on a plane would have risked flying into debris.

Therefore, AIM-9Xs have been "the weapons of choice against the objects... we've been seeing."

T.Ueda--JT